ME	MYSELF	I	MY	MINE
YOU	YOURSELF	YOU	YOUR	YOURS
HIM	HIMSELF	HE	HIS	HIS
HER	HERSELF	SHE	HER	HERS
IT	ITSELF	IT	ITS	ITS
US	OURSELVES	WE	OUR	OURS
YOU	YOURSELVES	YOU	YOUR	YOURS
THEM	THEMSELVES	THEY	THEIR	THEIRS

Toolbox 0

I	AM	YO SOY	YO ESTOY
YOU	ARE
HE	IS
SHE
IT
WE	ARE
YOU
THEY

I	WAS	YO ERA	YO ESTABA
YOU	WERE
HE	WAS
SHE
IT
WE	WERE
YOU
THEY

I	HAVE	YO TENGO	YO HE
YOU
HE	HAS
SHE
IT
WE	HAVE
YOU
THEY

I	HAD	YO TENÍA	YO HABÍA
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

DO/DOES DID

DO/DOES DID

DO/DOES DID PARA PREGUNTAR Y NEGAR EN PRESENTE Y PASADO

You eat fish                Do you eat fish?                 You don´t eat fish

He eats fish                Does he eat fish?               He doesn´t eat fish

( En tercera persona del singular al preguntar y negar le quito la “s” al verbo y se la pongo a “do” que se convierte en “does”)

You ate fish                 Did you eat fish?                 You didn´t eat fish

He walked                    Did he walk                           He didn´t walk

( al preguntar y negar le quito el pasado al verbo y se lo pongo a “do” que se convierte en “did”

NO PROBLEMS IN BCH 2 IF YOU HAVE REVISED THIS

SEE, INVITE, BE	SAW, INVITED, WAS/WERE	SEEN, INVITED, BEEN
Invite/s Will invite Would invite Am/is/are/Was/were inviting	Invited If I invited	Have/has invited Has invited Was/were invited Will be invited

You should, you ought to, you must, you have to. You don’t have to, you needn’t.

We had been able, we have been able, we could, we are able, we can, we will be able.

We may, we might

IMPERSONAL SUBJECT “there”

There had been, there have/has been, there are/is, there will be.

There could be a problem; there should be a change in government

pronombre personal yo, tu , el  I,you,he,she, it, we, you, they

pro pronombre objeto  a mi, a ti me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

adjetivo posesivo mi, tu, su my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their

pronombre posesivo el mio, tuyo mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs

pronombre reflexivo me,te,se myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

QUESTIONS

Do, does, did.

Aren’t you? Wasn’t he?

What, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why, how. How many, how much, how often, how far, how good, how well, how old, how hot, how deep, how high, how tall how thick, how wide?

Are you ready? What happened?

What’s this for? Who are you going with?

Could you tell me how far it is to the bank? Do you know where Jane is?

SHORT ANSWERS

Why not? Which one? Neither do I, so do I, nor can I, I hope so, I suppose so, I´m afraid so, I´m afraid not, I don´t suppose so, no, I don’t think so, I hope not.

NEGATIVE WORDS

Not, never, no, none, nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere, neither, nor

PLURALS

Children, men, women, teeth, feet, mice, boxes, sheep, fish, bodies, thieves, scarves, wives, lives, knives.

This, these, that, those

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

Anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody. Anyone, everyone, no one, someone. Anything, everything, nothing, something.

THE ARTICLE

a/ an, the/0

other, another, another one, others

POSSESSION

Whose house is this? The house of Peter/ Peter´s house.

COMPARISON

You use “ more” and “most” with most two-syllable adjectives, all longer adjectives and adverbs ending in –ly. With some common two syllable adjectives and adverbs you can either add –er and –est or use more and most: common, cruel, gentle, handsome, likely, narrow, pleasant, polite, simple, stupid.

Good better the best. Bad worse the worst.

This book is less interesting than mine.

Paul is as tall as Mary. Susan is younger than Jane. You are the fastest.

You can use adverbs of degree in front of comparative adjectives: a bit, far, a great deal, a good deal, a little, a lot, much, rather, slightly.

The smaller it is the cheaper it is to post. The larger the administration is, the greater the problem of administration becomes.

Flats are becoming more and more expensive.

The more the better. The quicker we finish, the sooner we will go home. He drove faster and faster till we told him to stop.

ADVERBIALS OF MANNER

Badly, beautifully, carefully, quickly, quietly, softly, gently, easily, automatically,

ADVERBIALS OF TIME

The day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, last night, next week, the other day. At Christmas, at Easter, at breakfast, at the weekend. In the morning, in the evenings. On Monday, on Christmas Day, on my birthday, on the twentieth of July, on June 21^st.  For three days during the summer. Since. From- till. Before/ after. Ago. till, until, before, after, later, then, at that time, after, again, formerly, late, now, then, once, twice, three times,  seldom, soon, still.

FREQUENCY

Always, ever, normally, usually, a lot, frequently, often, sometimes, occasionally, hardly ever, rarely, never.

PROBABILITY

Certainly, definitely, maybe, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, really.

Have you ever been to a football match? Don’t ever do that again. If you ever need anything, just call me. She is the best dancer I have ever seen.

ADVERBIAL OF DURATION

Already, still, yet, any longer, any more, no longer.

ADVERBS OF DEGREE

Badly, greatly, seriously, strongly, almost, largely, nearly, really, quite, awfully, extremely, fairly, pretty, quite, rather, really, very, entirely, just, largely, mainly, partly, simply, absolutely, perfectly, purely, totally.

PLACE

Above, over, on, on top of, between, in between, among, at, behind, in front of, below, beneath, underneath, under, beside, near, next to, in, inside, outside, opposite, round, through,

DIRECTION

Across, along, back to, down, into, onto, out of, past, round, through, to, towards, up, away, down, straight, forwards, backwards.

PLACE AND DIRECTION

Abroad, away, downstairs, downwards, here, indoors, outdoors, there, over there, underground, upstairs, anywhere,, nowhere, somewhere, far from.

PLACE “at, in, on”

At the bus stop, at Paul’s house, at the bottom, at the back, at the end, at the station, at the airport,  at school, at home, at the corner ( street), on the corner (street), in the corner (room), in the east of Scotland, at the cinema, at 12 Oxford street, on a chair, on the north coast.

TRANSPORT PREPOSITIONS

By train, by car, by plane, by coach, by bicycle, by bus. On foot

VERB + PREPOSITION

Belong to, consist of, hope for, insist on, lead to, listen to, pay for, refer to, sympathize with, agree on/with, apologize for/to, suffer from/with, laugh at, look at/for/after, shout at, smile at, apologize for, apply for, ask for, wait for, think of/ about, count on, depend on, rely on, listen to, agree with, argue with, disagree with.

INSTRUCTIONS AND REQUESTS

Could you just switch on the light behind you?

Will you please leave the room?

I would like you to finish this work by Thursday. I want you to be here at eight o’clock.

Could you show me how to do it? Would you do me a favour? Will you post this for me? Would you mind doing the washing up? Do you think you could help me? I wonder if you could look after my cat for me while I’m away?

SUGGESTIONS

You could phone her. Could we do it at the weekend?

Shall we talk about something different now? Shall we go and see a film?

How about using my car? Let’s go outside. Why don’t we just phone her?

Why not go?

OFFERS AND INVITATIONS

Would you like a drink? Would you like to come for a meal?

Will you come to a party on Saturday? Could I help you carry those bags? Shall I spell that for you?

You must come and visit me. Let me take you to your room.

Do have a chocolate biscuit. Do help yourselves. Why don’t you come to lunch tomorrow?

PURPOSE AND REASON CLAUSES

The children sleep together to keep warm.

He was giving up his job in order to stay at home.

 He said he did it for fun. I’ve got the key in case we want to go inside

Stop her. go away. come here. sit down. look out, there’s a car coming.

LINKERS

Nevertheless, however, besides, in spite of, despite, although, though

With, without, within, about,

Also, too, neither….. nor

CONDITIONALS

If she invites me I will go. If she invited me I would go. If she had invited me I would have gone.

REPORTED SPEECH

She said to me that, she told me that, she told me to/ not to, he asked me to/ not to/ if

PREFIXES

Atypical, anti-government, autobiography, bilingual, bimonthly, co-author, counter-measure, deactivate, dishonest, eco-friendly, ex-policeman, extra-European, extra-strong,  hyperinflation, illegal, impossible, inter-city, malfunction, megawatt, micro-organism, mid-June, minibus, miscalculate, monogamy, multi-colored, neo-classical, non-smoker, non-fatal, outswim someone (swim faster than him), over-cautious, part-baked, polysyllabic, post-Christmas, pre-election, pro-democracy, pseudo-science, re-read, semi-conscious, subcommittee, substandard living conditions, super-fit, tricycle, ultra-light, unacceptable, underweight.

SUFFIXES

Reliability, readable, environmental, enthusiastically, brilliance, protection, accuracy, cooked, teacher, mixer, useful, photographic, political, sleeping, yellowish, reddish, racism, fascist, childless, cheerfully, assessment, gentleness, courageous, dirty, it tastes chocolately 

VERB TENSES SURVIVAL KIT

FIND	FOUND	FOUND
I find, you find, he finds… I was finding, you were finding, he was finding… I am finding, you are finding… I will find, you will find… I would find, you would find… I am going to find, you are going to find, he is going to find… I was going to find, you were going to find… I can find, you can find… I could find, you could find… I must find, you must find… I have to find, you have to find, he has to find…	I found, you found, he found… If  I found, If you found, if he found…	I have found, you have found, he has found… I had found, you had found, he had found… I am found, you are found, he is found… I was found, you were found, he was found

ENCONTRAR	ENCONTRÉ/ENCONTRASE	ENCONTRADO
Yo encuentro, tu encuentras, el encuentra… Yo estaba encontrando, tú estabas encontrando, él estaba encontrando… Yo estoy encontrando, tú estás encontrando… Yo encontraré, tú encontrarás… Yo encontraría, tú encontrarías… Yo voy a encontrar, tú vas a encontrar, él va a encontrar… Tú ibas a encontrar… Yo puedo encontrar, tú puedes encontrar… Yo pude encontrar, tú pudiste encontrar… Yo debo encontrar, tu debes encontrar… Yo tengo que encontrar, tu tienes que encontrar, él tiene que encontrar…	Yo encontré, tú encontraste, él encontró… Si yo encontrara, si tú encontraras, si él encontrara…	Yo he encontrado, tú has encontrado, él ha encontrado… Yo había encontrado, tú habías encontrado, él había encontrado… Yo soy encontrado, tú eres encontrado, él es encontrado… Yo fui encontrado, tú fuiste encontrado, él fue encontrado…

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

A pain in the neck	pesado
After you	Para ceder el paso
Again and again	Una y otra vez
Are you kidding me?	¿ me estás vacilando?
As clear as day	Tan claro como el agua
As soon as possible	Lo antes posible
Ass licker	lameculos
Better late than never	Mas vale tarde que nunca
bullshit	Una mierda
By chance	Por casualidad
By heart	De memoria
Carry on	continúa
Count me in	Cuenta conmigo
Doesn’t matter	No importa
don’t get me wrong	No me malinterpretes
don’t pull my leg	No me molestes
don’t worry	No te preocupes
Enough is enough	Basta ya
Fair and square	Como dios manda
Feel like (más gerundio -ing)	Apetecer (do you feel like dancing?)
For sure	Por supuesto
For the love of it	Por amor al arte
From A to Z	De pe a pa
From now on	De ahora en adelante
From time to time	De vez en cuando
Fuck off!	A la mierda!
Get lost!	Pierdete!
Get off!	Aparta!
Get out of my way	Aparta!
Give it to me straight	Dimelo claro
Go fly a kite	Vete a la porra
Guess what?	¿sabes qué?
He gets on my nerves	Me saca de quicio
He is on his way, I am on my way	Esta de camino
Help youself	Sirvete tu mismo
Here you are	Aquí tienes
High five/ give me five	Choca esos cinco
Hold your horses	Para el carro
Holy crap!	Puta mierda!
Holy shit!	Joder!
How come?	¿cómo es eso?
How embarrasing!	¡ qué vergüenza!
How you doing? How you going?	¿cómo lo llevas? ¿qué tal?
I do like it	De verdad que me gusta
I don’t give a fuck	Me la suda
I don’t care	Me la trae floja
I don’t feel like doing it	No me apetece hacerlo
I don’t give a damn/shit	Me importa un carajo
I don’t mind	No me importa
I don’t think so	No creo
I think so	Creo que si
I guess so	Supongo que si
I have no idea	No tengo ni idea
I mean	Me refiero
I see	Ya veo
I wish	ojalá
I’m fond of	Soy aficionado a
In fact	De hecho
It’s finger licking good	Esta para chuparse los dedos
It’s on me	Invito yo
It’s on the house	Invita la casa
It’s up to you	Depende de ti, como quieras
Feel free to	No te cortes en
Just in case	Por si acaso
Keep an eye on	Vigila a
Keep dreaming	Sigue soñando
Give or take	Mas o menos
Last but one	penùltimo
Last night	anoche
Look out!	¿cuidado!
Make my day	Alegrame el día
Make up your mind	decídete
Make yourself at home	Sientete como en casa
maybe	A lo mejor
Me neither	Yo tampoco
Me too	Yo también
meanwhile	Mientras tanto
Never again	Nunca más
Never mind	No importa
No bother	No te preocupes
No way	Ni hablar
No wonder	No me extraña
No worries	Sin problema
Not at all, you are welcome, it’s ok	De nada
Not bad	No está mal
it`s not my bissiness	No es asunto mio
it´s not my cup of tea	No me va
Not worth a penny/ a shit	No vale para nada
Oh dear! Oh my God! Oh my Gosh!	Oh Dios mio!
Once in a lifetime	Una vez en la vida
Once in a while/ from time to time	De vez en cuando
Over and over again	Una y otra vez
Paint from the same brush	Mismo perro con distinto collar
Piss off	A la mierda
Pleasure/bless you	Jesús
Really?	¿En serío?
Did you not?	¿De verdad que no?
Say when	Di cuando paro
She/he turns me on	Me pone
Shut the fuck up!	Callate de una puta vez
Shut up!	cállate
So bad/ so badly	Un montón
So do I	Y yo igual
So long	Hasta la vista
Some other time	Otra vez será
Start from scratch	Empezar de cero
Stop messing around	Deja de hacer el tonto
That's life	Asi es la vida
Take it easy	Tómatelo con calma
Talking of the devil	Hablando del rey de Roma
Thanks in advance	Gracias por adelantado
That's what I mean	A eso me refiero
That's what matters	Eso es lo que importa
The more the merrier	Cuantos más mejor
The sooner the better	Cuanto antes mejor
Think twice	Piensalo dos veces
To be high	Estar colocado
To be over the moon	Estar feliz
To chew the carpet	Tragarse el orgullo
To feel blue	Estar deprimido
To get rid of	Librarse de algo
To give somebody a lift	Llevar a alguien que hacía dedo
To hang around	Andar por ahi
To chill out	Relajarse, descansar
To have a finger in every pie	Estar en misa y repicando, en todos lados
To have an argue	Tener una discusión
To make a point	Dejar claro algo
posh	Pijo
Train bound for	Tren con destino a
Northbound, Southbound, Eastbound...	Con destino al norte...
Upside down	Boca abajo
Watch out!	¡cuidado!
Mind the...	Cuidado con...
We are even	Stamos en paz
What a pity!	¡ qué pena!
What a rip off!	¡Menuda estafa!
What a shame!	¡qué vergüenza!
What the fuck?	¿qué cojones?
What on Earth?	¿qué carajo?
No doubt	Sin duda
You are on thin ice	Estas jugando con fuego
I'll do my best	Haré lo que pueda